Spelling and using "aranha" in English
Aranha in English is "spider". Pronounced /spa.dr/. It's one of those words you might swear you didn't know until you see it written down, because in spoken English it sounds nothing like the Portuguese version. I remember a moment early on when a colleague asked me to describe a bug and I blurted out "aranha" thinking they'd understand from context. They looked at me confused. Then I remembered the word was completely different. That never happens again.
como se escreve aranha em inglês
The straightforward answer is spider. S-P-I-D-E-R. But the real question most people actually have is less about spelling and more about whether they'll recognize the word when they hear it, or whether they'll mix it up with something else. The most common confusion I see is between spider and insect in general conversation. Spider is an arachnid, not an insect, and native speakers will sometimes use the terms interchangeably in casual speech, which is technically wrong but practically common. I once had to fill out an insurance form that asked whether the household had ever had a "pest infestation" and included a checkbox for spiders. I hesitated because in my experience, spiders in a house aren't really an infestation in the same way cockroaches are. They're usually just... there. A few webs in the corners. The form didn't account for that nuance at all. I checked the box anyway because ignoring it felt riskier than being technically inaccurate.
Common mistakes and nuances
Portuguese speakers tend to add an extra syllable at the end, saying something closer to "spaideir" instead of the clean two-syllable spider. It's a small thing but it marks you as a learner immediately. Another trap is the plural: spiders, not spidents or spidders. The -er ending stays intact and you just add -s. This seems obvious until you're typing fast and your muscle memory from other languages interferes. The word also appears in a lot of compound terms that don't translate literally. Spider plant is actually a type of houseplant (Chlorophytum comosum), not a plant that attracts spiders. Spider web is just teia de aranha, but in English you'll also hear web as shorthand in casual speech. Spider-man is capitalized because it's a proper name, but spiderman without the hyphen shows up everywhere in informal writing too.
There's also the phrase spider sense, from Spider-Man, which some people use metaphorically to mean a sixth sense about danger. It works in American English more than British English, where it can sound a bit cheesy if used unironically.
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When spider means something else
In technical contexts, spider can refer to a web crawler, the program that indexes websites for search engines. I've seen this cause genuine confusion on engineering teams where a Portuguese speaker would say "the spider is down" and everyone assumed they were talking about actual bugs in the building. It wasn't. It was the crawler script. Worth knowing if you work in tech or SEO. There's also spider diagram, which in British English means a mind map or visual notes. In American English, people more commonly say mind map. If you're reading academic papers or study materials, you'll encounter both terms and they mean roughly the same thing.
Quick reference
Aranha = spider (singular), spiders (plural) Teia de aranha = spider web
Aranha-de-wolf = wolf spider Aranha-escorpião = scorpion spider
Aranha-marinha = sea spider Aranha-de-colar = brown recluse spider
If you need a reliable dictionary, Cambridge or Oxford both list spider with audio pronunciation, which is more useful than you'd think. Hearing the word correctly is half the battle. The spelling itself is straightforward, but the pronunciation trip is what catches most people off guard.